The frequency of repotting household potted plants varies depending on the plant species, growth rate, and maintenance conditions, but the following principles can usually be referred to:

I. Repotting Frequency Guidelines
Fast-growing plants (e.g., Pothos, Spider Plant, Ivy):
Every 1-2 years, or more frequently if roots are vigorous.

Moderate-growing plants (e.g., Monstera, Snake Plant, Fiddle Leaf Fig):
Every 2-3 years, adjusting based on root and soil conditions.

Slow-growing plants (e.g., Succulents, Cacti, Orchids):
Every 3-5 years, as their roots grow slowly and repotting too often may damage them.

Flowering plants (e.g., Roses, Gardenias):
Repot after blooming or in early spring, typically every 1-2 years.

II. Signs Your Plant Needs Repotting
Roots protruding: Roots grow out of drainage holes or coil tightly at the soil surface.

Stunted growth: Plant stops growing or leaves yellow despite proper care.

Soil compaction: Water drains poorly, or soil becomes hard or salty.

Nutrient depletion: Soil lacks fertility, and fertilization no longer works.

III. Repotting Tips
Timing:

Best in spring or early autumn (start of growing season). Avoid winter and blooming periods.

Repot succulents during cool, dry seasons.

Steps:

Stop watering 1-2 days beforehand for easier rootball removal.

Choose a pot 1-2 sizes larger (3-5 cm wider in diameter) to prevent waterlogging.

Trim rotten or overcrowded roots, keeping healthy ones intact.

Use well-draining soil (e.g., potting mix blended with perlite or coconut coir).

Aftercare:

Water thoroughly after repotting and place in a shaded, ventilated area for 1-2 weeks to recover.

Avoid fertilizing until new growth appears.

IV. Special Cases
Transitioning from hydroponics to soil: Gradually adapt the plant and maintain high humidity.

Pests/diseases: Repot immediately if roots rot or pests invade; disinfect roots.

Mature or bonsai plants: Replace only the topsoil to replenish nutrients, avoiding full repotting.

By observing your plant’s health and checking roots regularly, you can adjust repotting schedules to keep your houseplants thriving!